Cisco Systems, founded in 1984 by Stanford computer scientists Leonard Bosack and Sandy Lerner, pioneered multi-protocol routers that enabled local area networks to connect disparate computer systems, laying the groundwork for modern internet infrastructure.
Headquartered in San Jose, California, the company went public in 1990, surged to become the world's most valuable firm during the dot-com boom with a $500 billion market cap, and now leads in networking hardware like switches and routers, alongside software for security, collaboration via Webex, and cloud services under CEO Chuck Robbins.
With annual revenue exceeding $50 billion, Cisco powers global enterprise networks, data centers, and AI-driven innovations through aggressive acquisitions like Splunk and a shift toward subscription-based models.
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